Hydraulic transmission systems (HTSs) are widely used in various industrial fields. With the increase in research
on renewable energy and energy-saving technologies, energy regeneration and conversion (ERC) technologies
based on HTSs, including potential energy regeneration, braking energy regeneration, vibration energy acquisition
and power take-off (PTO), have attracted increasing attention. First, this review briefly explains the main
concepts of ERC technologies based on HTSs and applications; then their working principles are analysed. As the
main content of this review, the current status of ERC technologies based on HTSs in the application fields of
construction machinery, hydraulic vehicles, regenerative suspensions and wave energy converters (WECs) are
comprehensively analysed, compared and discussed. Finally, ERC technologies based on HTSs are prospected
from the aspects of hydraulic system component optimization, all-electric power system integration and potential
applications. This review is expected to provide readers with a comprehensive and clear understanding of
ERC technologies based on HTSs through a detailed overview of their application, which will provide an important
reference for further research and potential applications in this field.